First published on CloudBlogs on Jan 11, 2016 Hello Everyone, this is Jeroen van Eesteren from the Remote Desktop team. I am writing you today to let you know about the graphics remoting enhancements we made to the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) version 10 which shipped with the and the, both released in November 2015. But first, let me provide some background and a brief history on why we made these improvements. Graphics Remoting challenges Monitor resolutions continue to significantly increase; today larger resolutions such as 1440p and 4K are common.
The increase in resolution sizes present a challenge for graphics remoting protocols as there are more pixels which need to be encoded on the server and more bandwidth is required to transfer these encoded pixels over the network. In addition, the demand for rich and fluent graphics experience in remoting scenarios increased due to more graphics intensive applications being used. For example, with Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview which enables support for additional high-end engineering design applications that use OpenGL. RDP and AVC/H.264 The graphics compression (codec) standard which has been used by RDP for a couple of releases is the ITU-T H.264 codec (also known as MPEG-4 AVC (Advanced Video Coding)).
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The benefit of this codec is that it is widely available in hardware so that CPU intensive encoding and decoding can be offloaded to a separate hardware block. With RDP 8, we introduced which uses AVC/H.264 to remote video content detected on the server.
RemoteFX Media Streaming replaced Multi Media Redirection (MMR). Note: MMR is now completely removed from RDP 10 given that RemoteFX Media Streaming works for all types of video content whereas MMR which just worked for some. More details can be found. With RDP 8.1 we which in addition to using RemoteFX Media Streaming, extended support for AVC/H.264 to images as well, while text is compressed using a proprietary Codec. Helicon focus lite. This mode is used by Windows RT devices running Windows 8.1 and some 3 rd party RDP implementations. With RDP 10 we are now taking AVC/H.264 support a step further with the introduction of full-screen AVC 444 mode.
Introducing the AVC 444 mode The main challenge to use AVC/H.264 as the one and only Codec in Remote Desktop scenarios is that text shows a halo effect with typical implementations of AVC/H.264. This is caused by the color conversion process that happens as part of the compression which throws away some of the chrominance information, as represented in the 4:2:0 format. To the human eye the lack of chrominance information is not as apparent with video content, however with Remote Desktop scenarios, where mostly text is used, it is something that is noticeable and users will perceive this as blurry. The AVC/H.264 standard defines the capability to use 4:4:4 format which doesn’t lose the chrominance during conversion, however typically this isn’t part of most AVC/H.264 hardware encoder and decoder implementations and thus provides a challenge. To show the difference between 4:4:4 and 4:2:0 please see the following image which shows easily noticeable differences: As part of the AVC 444 mode in RDP 10 we solved the challenge to get 4:4:4 quality text with 4:2:0 hardware encoders / decoders. In addition, with the AVC 444 mode we were able to improve the frame throughput significantly, for example with 1440p we can achieve a consistent frame rates of up to 50 fps on standard hardware.
AVC 444 and AVC/H.264 Hardware Encoders / Decoders With the Windows Remote Desktop Client (MSTSC.EXE) the AVC 444 mode automatically uses the AVC/H.264 Hardware decoder if available via the Windows DirectX Video Acceleration (DXVA) API. In addition, the GPU must be DirectX 11.0 capable and the H.264 hardware decoder must support Level 4.1 and BT.
709 Full Range color conversion. If the resolution of the remote session exceeds the capability of the hardware decoder, software decoding will be used instead. The RDP server can take advantage of any AVC/H.264 hardware encoder exposed in Windows via Media Foundation Transform and is therefore not hardware vendor dependent. In which RDP 10 Remote Desktop scenarios is the AVC 444 mode available? Today, the AVC444 mode is enabled by default for all RemoteFX vGPU scenarios which use RDP 10 on Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 4. The built-in Windows 10 Remote Desktop client (MSTSC.EXE) is currently the only client that has support for AVC444 but we are planning to add this mode to our other remote desktop clients for Mac OS X, Android, iOS, Windows Universal Windows Platform (UWP) and Windows Phone in the future as well. What about Windows N and KN SKU’s where the AVC/H.264 codec is not available?